(1)
If:
Then:
Example:
| قُوِلَ | → | قِيْلَ |
| أُنْقُوِدَ | → | أُنْقِيْدَ |
If:
Then:
Example:
| بُيِعَ | → | بِيْعَ |
| أُخْتُيِرَ | → | أُخْتِيْرَ |
(2)
Alternatively, in the above cases it is permissible to keep the ḥarakah of the preceding letter.
Therefore, if:
Then:
Example:
| قُوِلَ | → | قُوْلَ |
| أُنْقُوِدَ | → | أُنْقُوْدَ |
And if:
Then:
Example:
| بُيِعَ | → | بُوْعَ |
| أُخْتُيِرَ | → | أُخْتُوْرَ |
(3)
If the letter preceding the yāʾ sākin has a kasrah, as in part (1), then one can pronounce the letter with ishmām1.
Example:
In the words قِيْلَ and بِيْعَ the kasrah of the ق and ب will be pronounced inclining towards a ḍammah sound.
This cannot be seen in writing but rather only in pronunciation. ↩
When wāw and yāʾ combine in one word under set conditions, the wāw becomes yāʾ and the two merge with tashdīd.
When a wāw or yāʾ is preceded by a sākin, swap their ḥarakāt; transformations, exceptions, and the alif-drop rule for verbs like yaqūlu and yabīʿu.
Three rules for the defective verb: dropping the ḥarakah of a final wāw or yāʾ, and elision when it meets a sākin sister letter.
When a plural on the scale of فُعْلٌ or فُعْلى has yāʾ as its ʿayn kalimah, the preceding letter takes a kasrah.
