This work is primarily based on al-Mulakhkhaṣ by ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm al-Balyāwī.
For Qurʾān translation I have primarily relied on the translation done by Ṣaḥīḥ International. However, in certain places I have also relied on the translation of Muftī Taqī Usmānī as well as the translation of Dr. Mustafa Khattab in The Clear Qurʾān.
For ḥadīth translation I have primarily relied on that provided by sunnah.com; however, I have made slight changes on the occasional circumstance, where I feel the text flows better, or where the meaning of the ḥadīth is portrayed in a clearer manner.
A mursal ḥadīth was not rejected by anyone before Imām al-Shāfiʿī; the majority of fuqahāʾ accept it, and the Aḥnāf differ over its scope.
How muḥaddithīn distinguish mutābaʿah tāmmah, mutābaʿah qāṣirah and shāhid when corroborating a doubtful narration through the process of iʿtibār.
A mawḍūʿ ḥadīth is one invented and forged by the narrator himself; it is identified by self-testimony, near-equivalents to it, biographical contradiction, or matn analysis.
When the routes of a ḥasan li-dhātihi narration multiply, the ḥadīth is upgraded to ṣaḥīḥ li-ghayrihi. An illustrative example follows.
