According to Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr,1 munqaṭiʿ2 is anything not connected, i.e. any narration with a drop of narrators in the isnād. Therefore, according to Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, muʿallaq, mursal and muḍal are all forms of munqaṭiʿ.
According to al-Ḥākim,3 munqaṭiʿ is an unknown narrator, or a drop of one or more narrators before the tābiʿī. This is different from mursal according to him.
According to Ibn Ḥajar and al-Suyūṭī,4 munqaṭiʿ is a drop of one or more narrators before the ṣaḥābah, with the condition that it is not continuous. Therefore, this is different from both mursal and muḍal according to them.
These are the definitions given by the mutaʾakhirīn muḥaddithīn (ḥadīth scholars of the latter generations) from the time of al-Ḥākim onwards. As for the mutaqaddimīn muḥaddithīn (ḥadīth scholars from the earlier generations),5 as well as the fuqahāʾ and uṣūliyyīn, mursal and munqaṭiʿ are considered to be the same.
Gharīb is a ḥadīth narrated by a single narrator. The muḥaddithīn differ on whether the gharābah must obtain at every stage of the sanad.
A narration whose narrator is left unnamed (a man, a shaykh, a _thiqah_) is termed _mubham_; its name may be inferred from a parallel chain.
A mursal ḥadīth was not rejected by anyone before Imām al-Shāfiʿī; the majority of fuqahāʾ accept it, and the Aḥnāf differ over its scope.
A muʿallaq narration is one with a drop at the beginning of the sanad, regardless of how many narrators are missing.
