A muḍal narration is one with a drop of two or more continuous narrators from anywhere in the sanad.
A muʿallaq narration is one with a drop at the beginning of the sanad, regardless of how many narrators are missing.
Muttaṣil (also called mawṣūl) is a ḥadīth with a connected chain, where every narrator has heard it from the one above them.
Maqṭūʿ are the sayings and actions of the tābiʿīn and those after them.