ʿAqīdah Sects
Sayyid Fahīm al-Dīn1 min read
| Sect | Taṣdīq bi al-qalb | Iqrār bi al-lisān | ʿAmal bi al-jawāriḥ | View |
| Khawārij | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | if you do a major sin you become a kāfir |
| Muʿtazilah | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | if you sin then you are not a Muslim, but you are not a kāfir either |
| Karrāmiyyah | ✔ | ✔ | ||
| Jahmiyyah | ✔ | |||
| Murjiʾah | ✔ |
Response to the different sects:
- Those who hold that only taṣdīq bi al-qalb is necessary include Abū Jahl and the Jews in their definition of being Muslim, since they affirmed Islām in their hearts but did not testify to it outwardly.
- Those who hold that iqrār bi al-lisān is necessary but taṣdīq bi al-qalb is not include the munāfiqūn in their definition of being Muslim. The munāfiqūn testified openly to being Muslim and practised the outward aspects of Islām, yet did not believe in their hearts.