On this matter:
The position of the two Shaykhs, al-Bukhārī and Muslim, is either to accept it unconditionally, or to give preponderance.3
This is also the position of the later Shāfiʿīs. [tr.] ↩
Kitāb al-Umm, 2/287–288; al-Burhān, 1/229–231; Qawāṭiʿ al-Adilla, 1/355; Ḥāshiyat al-Bannānī ʿalā Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ by al-Subkī, 2/137–140; al-Fuṣūl, 2/59; al-Muḥarrar, 2/3; Kashf al-Asrār, 3/92–93; al-Kifāya, pp. 184–185; Nuzhat al-Mushtāq, p. 50; al-Mustaṣfā, p. 132; Muqaddimat Jāmiʿ al-Uṣūl, p. 46; Muntahā al-Sūl, p. 91; al-Iḥkām by al-Āmidī, 2/327–328; Bayān al-Mukhtaṣar, 1/736; Muqaddimat Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ, p. 92; Tadrīb al-Rāwī, 1/334–335; Nihāyat al-Wuṣūl, p. 174; Fatḥ al-Mughīth, 2/245; al-Nukat by al-Zarkashī, p. 276; al-Taqrīr wa-l-Taḥbīr, 2/377. ↩
Al-Bukhārī (1/116) and Muslim (1/217) both narrate the report of ʿAmr ibn Dīnār, from Abū Maʿbad, from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: "I used to know the conclusion of the Prophet's prayer ﷺ by the takbīr." In one of Muslim's narrations from ʿAmr, he says: "Abū Maʿbad informed me of this, then later denied it." In another version: ʿAmr said, "I mentioned that to Abū Maʿbad and he denied it, saying, 'I did not narrate this to you.' ʿAmr said: 'But he had indeed informed me of it before.'" This shows that even when the aṣl (the teacher) outright denies the narration, the report may still be accepted in the view of the two Shaykhs (al-Bukhārī and Muslim). And Allāh knows best. ↩
Al-mursal in its broad sense was not rejected by anyone until Imām al-Shāfiʿī; the Ḥanafīs differ over the mursal of the first three generations.
Al-shādhdh is that which a single narrator has transmitted alone, raising doubt in the mind of the critic; this is also the definition of al-munkar. Statements of the early imāms show the two are one.
Whether a mubtadiʿ's innovation amounts to outright disbelief or proceeds from misinterpretation, and how the imāms differ on accepting his narration.
When the addition of a thiqa narrator is accepted: positions of al-Tirmidhī, Ibn Ḥibbān, Muslim, al-Ḥākim and the Ḥanafīs, with the majlis distinction.
