For the Aḥnāf, ṣalāt al-khusūf is prayed individually, like a naflṣalāh, and at home; the basis is the ḥadīth in which the Prophet ﷺ said that prayer in one's house is more virtuous than prayer elsewhere, except for the ordained prayers:
The general rule yields only where an exception is established by clear evidence: the ʿĪd prayers, ṣalāt al-tarāwīḥ, and ṣalāt al-kusūf (the solar eclipse prayer) are the standard examples. Since no strong evidence places ṣalāt al-khusūf in jamāʿah, the Aḥnāf hold that it is prayed at home individually.
The Shawāfiʿ hold that ṣalāt al-khusūf is prayed in jamāʿah, citing the ḥadīth of Ibn ʿAbbās in which the Prophet ﷺ led the people in this ṣalāh and said: "I prayed as I saw the Messenger of Allāh praying." The Aḥnāf treat that report as khabar āḥād and do not act upon it for this purpose.
It follows that for the Aḥnāf there is no adhān, iqāmah or khuṭbah for ṣalāt al-khusūf.
Al-mawḍūʿ is that which has been concocted and fabricated. It is known by four indications, and may not be narrated to one who knows its condition without disclosure.
Four positions on whether jarḥ and taʿdīl follow the rules of khabar or of testimony, with the additional requirement that the evaluator be ʿadl and unbiased.
